First, the type of underwater lanterns
Currently on the market underwater lanterns variety, different styles, each has its advantages. Is to underwater lanterns of the different characteristics of classification, in order to fully understand the underwater lantern products overview.
1, according to the structure of underwater lantern classification
A, fully enclosed underwater lantern
All enclosed underwater lanterns are all installed in the waterproof lamp housing, the light through the protection of the lamp at the glass injection. Waterproof with a sealing ring, the degree of waterproof seal to ensure that by mechanical pressure.
B, semi-enclosed underwater lights
Semi-closed underwater light the light source part of its direct dipping in water, and light source and power supply wiring part of the sealed light shell. Waterproof with a sealing ring, the waterproof seal to ensure that by mechanical pressure.
C, high sealing underwater lantern
High-sealed underwater lantern is the light source and lamp shell with a special epoxy resin, the light source and the power connection part of all potting, so that it is no leakage gap, and no water storage space, to eliminate the possibility of leakage, To achieve the integration of light and lamp shell underwater lighting.
2, according to the lamp shell material classification
Underwater lights can be divided into four categories according to their lamp shell material, that is, plastic, aluminum, brass and stainless steel shell.
3, according to the principle of light source classification
Underwater light according to the principle of light-emitting light can be divided into two types of incandescent and metal halide lamps. The former by the filament power to light, lamp structure is simple, while the latter need to use the ballast auxiliary light, high luminous efficiency, light color is good, but the structure of the lamp is more complex, and can not immediately after power light.
Second, underwater light source
Light source is the core of underwater lanterns, its technical characteristics determine the performance of underwater lanterns and its structure. At present, the most widely used light source for underwater lanterns is the PAR lamp, which belongs to incandescent lamp. Because of its mature production technology, it has formed a variety of product series, commonly used as follows:
Connection method
Operating Voltage
Power
1
PAR38
E27 screw
12V, 24V, 220V
80W, 100W, 120W
2
PAR38-A
Screw connection
12V, 24V, 220V
80W, 100W, 120W
3
PAR56
Screw connection
12V, 220V
300W
More than three PAR (send) lights, the colors are red, yellow, green, blue, white five. Life of the design indicators for 2000 hours.
Currently on the market PAR (send) lights are the main brands of Philips, Osram, GE and Sai Ke and several other. In contrast, in specifications, variety, color, etc., Sikes light source for the most.
Third, the technical indicators of underwater lights
Due to the particularity of underwater lantern applications, it is an electrical product that works underwater, so it also has special requirements for its technical indicators.
First, underwater lantern protection indicators
Underwater lantern protection index points dust and waterproof two aspects, IEC standard provides that the international common protection symbols are as follows:
1, dust level
GB regulations, lighting, dust-proof rating of 6 points. Which is the highest level 6, underwater lantern dustproof level should reach 6 its marked symbol: IP6X.
2, waterproof rating
GB regulations, lighting waterproof grade sub-8. The sixth grade is water splashing, the seventh is watertight, the eighth is pressurized watertight. The eighth grade is the highest, the waterproof grade of the underwater lantern should meet the requirement of grade 8, and its mark is IPX8.
Comprehensive requirements of the above two aspects, underwater lantern dustproof level 6, waterproof rating of 8, the marked symbol: IP68.
Second, anti-electric shock safety indicators
GB on the lighting of the electric shock indicators are divided into four categories: namely, O class, I class, II class, III class. At the same time, GB clearly stipulates that the swimming pool, fountain, leisure pool and other similar places underwater lighting, should be protected against electric shock type III lamps. The external and internal lines of the operating voltage should not exceed 12V.
Third, the rated operating voltage
Lamp rated operating voltage is a lamp electrical parameters, it directly determines the lamp using environment, that is, the actual operating voltage must be consistent with the rated operating voltage. Otherwise, not because the voltage is too high and burn the light source, is too low and can not achieve the lighting effect of light.
Fourth, the choice of underwater lanterns
According to the actual use of the project requirements, how to rationally use water lanterns, should be considered from the following aspects.
1, security features
In the landscape, the choice of underwater lights to personal safety as the first element. Must be in accordance with the requirements of the national standard, color with 12V safe voltage underwater lantern.
2, the lighting function
The lighting function mainly refers to the light-emitting brightness of the light source. It can be under the irradiation height, light-emitting area to choose different power underwater lights.
Another element of the lighting function is the color of the underwater lantern, generally red, yellow, green, blue, white five, according to the application, irradiation and create an atmosphere to choose the object.
3, the appearance of modeling and shell materials
Underwater lights although underwater use, not too prominent. But the appearance and material and the proportion of lamps. If the proportion is too small, resulting in greater buoyancy, easy to loose underwater fixing screws, so that the lamp floating surface and too heavy and difficult to support lighthouse. At the same time, due to long-term use in water, the shell material should have a certain anti-corrosion function, the surface paint layer to be solid.
4, the economy
The economy of underwater lanterns refers to the sum of one-time investment and operating expenses of lamps and lanterns. In general, better quality underwater lantern, the lamp price is higher, longer life, smaller operating costs, on the contrary, poor quality of the underwater lantern, although the price is cheap, but often due to leakage, leakage and Resulting in blindness, not only increased operating costs, and some even affect the acceptance of the entire project.
Fifth, the application of underwater lanterns
In the choice of a satisfactory underwater lantern, the correct use is an important part, generally should note the following aspects:
1, lamp points • rock • uniform
Underwater lantern is set for the irradiation of an object, so according to the object of the filial height to the layout of the lamp position and determine the number and color, when the need for strong light, no special requirements in the case, Use several similar lamps, not a few high-power lights. This is convenient for the stocking and maintenance of the lamp.
2, the height of the installation of lamps should be appropriate
Underwater lanterns generally installed in the water under the 50-100mm or so, too deep will affect the light effect, too shallow due to the impact of the strong impact of falling water and affect the service life.
3, the lamp cable should have sufficient load margin
Cable cross-sectional area of the conductor is to ensure the smooth flow of the premise. If too small, the current loss in the wire too much, so that greatly reduce the luminous efficiency; if it is too large to increase the cost, generally for 12V100W underwater lantern wire cross-section should not be less than 2.5mm2; 12V300W underwater lights Should not be less than 6mm2. At the same time, in the water does not allow direct connection cable head.
4, the transformer output voltage should be appropriate
For safe underwater lights, it is necessary to provide 12V operating voltage, it is achieved through the transformer. Although the output voltage from the transformer 12V, but the loss of wire in the lamp side of the voltage will be lower than 12V, luminous brightness will be significantly reduced. Therefore, according to the length of the wire, consider the loss, deliberately improve the transformer output voltage to ensure that the lamp side of the 12V operating voltage, while requiring the same transformer underwater lantern its cable length should be consistent, so luminous brightness between lamps to maintain uniformity.
5, the location of the transformer to be reasonable
The location of the transformer is directly related to the cable length of the underwater lantern and the luminous brightness of the luminaire, generally should be as close to the pool side, shorten the cable length and reduce the voltage loss. At the same time the transformer should be installed in the rain-proof electrical box, or in the leisure chair, or in the architectural pieces of the shelter.
6, the total load of lighting power should be maintained three-phase balance
General selection of the transformer are single-phase 220V operating voltage, so access to power in the transformer, the transformer should be a number of power evenly distributed in the three-phase, to avoid three-phase imbalance caused by electrical failure.
7, the working voltage to be stable
The actual operating voltage fluctuations also directly affect the lamp life and luminous effect. The theoretical calculation and experiments show that when the operating voltage is too high 5% of the rated voltage, life will shorten the design value of 50%, when the high 10%, the life of only 30% of the design value, But the luminous efficiency increased by only 20%. On the contrary, if the operating voltage is low 5%, the service life is almost doubled, while the luminous efficiency of only 15% loss. Therefore, some of the use of units in the trade-off gains and losses under the rather use of antihypertensive.
Currently on the market underwater lanterns variety, different styles, each has its advantages. Is to underwater lanterns of the different characteristics of classification, in order to fully understand the underwater lantern products overview.
1, according to the structure of underwater lantern classification
A, fully enclosed underwater lantern
All enclosed underwater lanterns are all installed in the waterproof lamp housing, the light through the protection of the lamp at the glass injection. Waterproof with a sealing ring, the degree of waterproof seal to ensure that by mechanical pressure.
B, semi-enclosed underwater lights
Semi-closed underwater light the light source part of its direct dipping in water, and light source and power supply wiring part of the sealed light shell. Waterproof with a sealing ring, the waterproof seal to ensure that by mechanical pressure.
C, high sealing underwater lantern
High-sealed underwater lantern is the light source and lamp shell with a special epoxy resin, the light source and the power connection part of all potting, so that it is no leakage gap, and no water storage space, to eliminate the possibility of leakage, To achieve the integration of light and lamp shell underwater lighting.
2, according to the lamp shell material classification
Underwater lights can be divided into four categories according to their lamp shell material, that is, plastic, aluminum, brass and stainless steel shell.
3, according to the principle of light source classification
Underwater light according to the principle of light-emitting light can be divided into two types of incandescent and metal halide lamps. The former by the filament power to light, lamp structure is simple, while the latter need to use the ballast auxiliary light, high luminous efficiency, light color is good, but the structure of the lamp is more complex, and can not immediately after power light.
Second, underwater light source
Light source is the core of underwater lanterns, its technical characteristics determine the performance of underwater lanterns and its structure. At present, the most widely used light source for underwater lanterns is the PAR lamp, which belongs to incandescent lamp. Because of its mature production technology, it has formed a variety of product series, commonly used as follows:
Connection method
Operating Voltage
Power
1
PAR38
E27 screw
12V, 24V, 220V
80W, 100W, 120W
2
PAR38-A
Screw connection
12V, 24V, 220V
80W, 100W, 120W
3
PAR56
Screw connection
12V, 220V
300W
More than three PAR (send) lights, the colors are red, yellow, green, blue, white five. Life of the design indicators for 2000 hours.
Currently on the market PAR (send) lights are the main brands of Philips, Osram, GE and Sai Ke and several other. In contrast, in specifications, variety, color, etc., Sikes light source for the most.
Third, the technical indicators of underwater lights
Due to the particularity of underwater lantern applications, it is an electrical product that works underwater, so it also has special requirements for its technical indicators.
First, underwater lantern protection indicators
Underwater lantern protection index points dust and waterproof two aspects, IEC standard provides that the international common protection symbols are as follows:
1, dust level
GB regulations, lighting, dust-proof rating of 6 points. Which is the highest level 6, underwater lantern dustproof level should reach 6 its marked symbol: IP6X.
2, waterproof rating
GB regulations, lighting waterproof grade sub-8. The sixth grade is water splashing, the seventh is watertight, the eighth is pressurized watertight. The eighth grade is the highest, the waterproof grade of the underwater lantern should meet the requirement of grade 8, and its mark is IPX8.
Comprehensive requirements of the above two aspects, underwater lantern dustproof level 6, waterproof rating of 8, the marked symbol: IP68.
Second, anti-electric shock safety indicators
GB on the lighting of the electric shock indicators are divided into four categories: namely, O class, I class, II class, III class. At the same time, GB clearly stipulates that the swimming pool, fountain, leisure pool and other similar places underwater lighting, should be protected against electric shock type III lamps. The external and internal lines of the operating voltage should not exceed 12V.
Third, the rated operating voltage
Lamp rated operating voltage is a lamp electrical parameters, it directly determines the lamp using environment, that is, the actual operating voltage must be consistent with the rated operating voltage. Otherwise, not because the voltage is too high and burn the light source, is too low and can not achieve the lighting effect of light.
Fourth, the choice of underwater lanterns
According to the actual use of the project requirements, how to rationally use water lanterns, should be considered from the following aspects.
1, security features
In the landscape, the choice of underwater lights to personal safety as the first element. Must be in accordance with the requirements of the national standard, color with 12V safe voltage underwater lantern.
2, the lighting function
The lighting function mainly refers to the light-emitting brightness of the light source. It can be under the irradiation height, light-emitting area to choose different power underwater lights.
Another element of the lighting function is the color of the underwater lantern, generally red, yellow, green, blue, white five, according to the application, irradiation and create an atmosphere to choose the object.
3, the appearance of modeling and shell materials
Underwater lights although underwater use, not too prominent. But the appearance and material and the proportion of lamps. If the proportion is too small, resulting in greater buoyancy, easy to loose underwater fixing screws, so that the lamp floating surface and too heavy and difficult to support lighthouse. At the same time, due to long-term use in water, the shell material should have a certain anti-corrosion function, the surface paint layer to be solid.
4, the economy
The economy of underwater lanterns refers to the sum of one-time investment and operating expenses of lamps and lanterns. In general, better quality underwater lantern, the lamp price is higher, longer life, smaller operating costs, on the contrary, poor quality of the underwater lantern, although the price is cheap, but often due to leakage, leakage and Resulting in blindness, not only increased operating costs, and some even affect the acceptance of the entire project.
Fifth, the application of underwater lanterns
In the choice of a satisfactory underwater lantern, the correct use is an important part, generally should note the following aspects:
1, lamp points • rock • uniform
Underwater lantern is set for the irradiation of an object, so according to the object of the filial height to the layout of the lamp position and determine the number and color, when the need for strong light, no special requirements in the case, Use several similar lamps, not a few high-power lights. This is convenient for the stocking and maintenance of the lamp.
2, the height of the installation of lamps should be appropriate
Underwater lanterns generally installed in the water under the 50-100mm or so, too deep will affect the light effect, too shallow due to the impact of the strong impact of falling water and affect the service life.
3, the lamp cable should have sufficient load margin
Cable cross-sectional area of the conductor is to ensure the smooth flow of the premise. If too small, the current loss in the wire too much, so that greatly reduce the luminous efficiency; if it is too large to increase the cost, generally for 12V100W underwater lantern wire cross-section should not be less than 2.5mm2; 12V300W underwater lights Should not be less than 6mm2. At the same time, in the water does not allow direct connection cable head.
4, the transformer output voltage should be appropriate
For safe underwater lights, it is necessary to provide 12V operating voltage, it is achieved through the transformer. Although the output voltage from the transformer 12V, but the loss of wire in the lamp side of the voltage will be lower than 12V, luminous brightness will be significantly reduced. Therefore, according to the length of the wire, consider the loss, deliberately improve the transformer output voltage to ensure that the lamp side of the 12V operating voltage, while requiring the same transformer underwater lantern its cable length should be consistent, so luminous brightness between lamps to maintain uniformity.
5, the location of the transformer to be reasonable
The location of the transformer is directly related to the cable length of the underwater lantern and the luminous brightness of the luminaire, generally should be as close to the pool side, shorten the cable length and reduce the voltage loss. At the same time the transformer should be installed in the rain-proof electrical box, or in the leisure chair, or in the architectural pieces of the shelter.
6, the total load of lighting power should be maintained three-phase balance
General selection of the transformer are single-phase 220V operating voltage, so access to power in the transformer, the transformer should be a number of power evenly distributed in the three-phase, to avoid three-phase imbalance caused by electrical failure.
7, the working voltage to be stable
The actual operating voltage fluctuations also directly affect the lamp life and luminous effect. The theoretical calculation and experiments show that when the operating voltage is too high 5% of the rated voltage, life will shorten the design value of 50%, when the high 10%, the life of only 30% of the design value, But the luminous efficiency increased by only 20%. On the contrary, if the operating voltage is low 5%, the service life is almost doubled, while the luminous efficiency of only 15% loss. Therefore, some of the use of units in the trade-off gains and losses under the rather use of antihypertensive.
Manufacturers recommend: Shenlong stainless steel fountain submersible pump
Keywords:Fountain lights, underwater lanterns, lanterns types
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